Author: examcert

Fiber-Optic Cabling (30.5)Networking media selection is being driven by the growing needs for network bandwidth. The distance and performance of fiber-optic cable make it a good media choice to support these network needs. This topic will examine the characteristics of fiber-optic cabling use in data networks.Properties of Fiber-Optic Cabling (30.5.1)As you have learned, fiber-optic cabling…

UTP Cabling Standards and Connectors (30.4.2)UTP cabling conforms to the standards established jointly by the TIA/EIA. Specifically, TIA/EIA-568 stipulates the commercial cabling standards for LAN installations and is the standard most commonly used in LAN cabling environments. Some of the elements defined are as follows: Figure 30-16 Categories of UTPUTP cable is usually terminated with…

Shielded Twisted-pair (STP) (30.3.4) Shielded twisted-pair (STP) provides better noise protection than UTP cabling. However, compared to UTP cable, STP cable is significantly more expensive and difficult to install. Like UTP cable, STP uses an RJ-45 connector. STP cables combine the techniques of shielding to counter EMI and RFI, and wire twisting to counter crosstalk….

Copper Cabling (30.3) One of the oldest and most used media for communications is copper cabling. The characteristics and use of copper media in data networks will be examined in this topic. Characteristics of Copper Cabling (30.3.1) Copper cabling is the most common type of cabling used in networks today. In fact, copper cabling is…

Signaling (30.2.4) The physical layer must generate the electrical, optical, or wireless signals that represent the “1” and “0” on the media. The way that bits are represented is called the signaling method. The physical layer standards must define what type of signal represents a “1” and what type of signal represents a “0”. This…

The Physical Layer (4.1.2) The OSI physical layer provides the means to transport the bits that make up a data link layer frame across the network media. This layer accepts a complete frame from the data link layer and encodes it as a series of signals that are transmitted to the local media. The encoded…

Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to answer the following questions: Key Terms This chapter uses the following key terms. You can find the definitions in the Glossary. wireless access point (AP)Network interface cards (NICs)International Organization for Standardization (ISO)Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Association (TIA/EIA)International Telecommunication Union (ITU)American National Standards Institute (ANSI)Institute…

ICMP Summary (29.3) The following is a summary of each topic in the chapter and some questions for your reflection. What Did I Learn in This Chapter?(29.3.2) • ICMP Messages—Although IP is only a best-effort protocol, the TCP/IP suite does provide for error messages and informational messages when communicating with another IP device. These messages…