Author: examcert

Unicast MAC Address (21.3.2) In Ethernet, different MAC addresses are used for Layer 2 unicast, broadcast, and multicast communications. A unicast MAC address is the unique address that is used when a frame is sent from a single transmitting device to a single destination device. In Figure 21-8, the destination MAC address and the destination…

Ethernet Frame Fields (21.2.4) The minimum Ethernet frame size is 64 bytes and the expected maximum is 1518 bytes. This includes all bytes from the destination MAC address field through the frame check sequence (FCS) field. The preamble field is not included when describing the size of the frame. Note: The frame size may be…

Ethernet Frames (21.2) Ethernet operates in the data link layer and the physical layer. It is a family of networking technologies that are defined in the IEEE 802.2 and 802.3 standards. Ethernet Encapsulation (21.2.1) This module starts with a discussion of Ethernet technology including an explanation of MAC sublayer and the Ethernet frame fields. Ethernet…

Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to answer the following questions: • How do the OSI model Layer 1 and Layer 2 function in an Ethernet network? • How do the Ethernet sublayers are related to the frame fields? • What is the Ethernet MAC address? • How does a switch…

Number Systems Summary (20.3) The following is a summary of each topic in the chapter and some questions for your reflection. What Did I Learn in this Module? (20.3.1) • Binary Number Systems—Binary is a numbering system that consists of the digits 0 and 1 called bits. In contrast, the decimal numbering system consists of…

Activity – Decimal to Binary Conversions (20.1.7) This activity allows you to practice decimal conversions to 8-bit binary values. We recommend that you work with this tool until you are able to do the conversion without error. Convert the decimal number shown in the Decimal Value row to its binary bits. Refer to the online…

Decimal to Binary Conversion Example (20.1.6) To help understand the process, consider the IP address 192.168.11.10. The first octet number 192 is converted to binary using the previously explained positional notation process. It is possible to bypass the process of subtraction with easier or smaller decimal numbers. For instance, notice that it is fairly easy…

Decimal to Binary Conversion (20.1.5) It is also necessary to understand how to convert a dotted decimal IPv4 address to binary. A useful tool is the binary positional value table, as shown in Figure 20-3 through 20-10. In Figure 20-3, is the decimal number of the octet (n) equal to or greater than the most-significant…

Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to answer the following questions: • How do you calculate numbers between decimal and binary systems? • How do you calculate numbers between decimal and hexadecimal systems? Key Terms This chapter uses the following key terms. You can find the definitions in the Glossary. binary…

Cloud and Virtualization Summary (19.3) The following is a summary of each topic in the chapter and some questions for your reflection. What Did I Learn in this Module? (19.3.1) • Cloud and Cloud Services—In general, when talking about the cloud, we are talking about data centers, cloud computing, and virtualization. Data centers are usually…